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1 химическое рафинирование
Русско-английский физический словарь > химическое рафинирование
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2 химическая очистка
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3 химическая очистка
1) Engineering: chemical cleaning (растворителями), chemical purification, chemical treatment (сточных вод)2) Oil: chemical refining3) Food industry: chemical peeling4) Coolers: chemical cleaning (труб конденсатора)5) Oilfield: chemical treating6) Makarov: chemical cleaning (р-рителями), chemical decontaminationУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > химическая очистка
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4 рафинирование химическое
• рафинирование n химическоеenglish: chemical refiningdeutsch: chemische Raffination ffrançais: raffinage m chimiqueРусско-английский (-немецко, -французский) металлургический словарь > рафинирование химическое
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5 подобряване на качествата чрез химико-термично обработване
thermo-chemical refiningБългарски-Angleščina политехнически речник > подобряване на качествата чрез химико-термично обработване
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6 raffinazione chimica
[TECN PROD, CHIM] -
7 очистка
defecation, depuration, clarification, cleaning, ( внутреннего пространства) cleanout, cleansing, cleanup, clear вчт., clearing, ( подины печи от металла предыдущей плавки) drain-out, dressing, (напр. памяти) emptying, fettling, fining, scavenging, purge, purging, purification, refinement, refining, scour, scouring, stripping, treating, treatment, unset* * *очи́стка ж.1. (удаление чего-л. ненужного, постороннего) clearing; (с помощью какого-л. моющего средства) cleansing; (преим. механическая) cleaning2. (удаление верхней части, оболочки) peelingаспирацио́нная очи́стка — suction cleaningочи́стка в бараба́не ( галтовка) — drum cleaning tumblingочи́стка воды́ — water purificationочи́стка во́здуха — air purificationвозду́шная очи́стка — air [pneumatic] cleaningочи́стка га́зов — gas cleaningочи́стка га́зов, гравитацио́нная — gas cleaning by gravity separationочи́стка га́зов, механи́ческая — gas cleaning by inertia separationочи́стка га́зов, мо́края — gas scrubbingочи́стка га́зов пе́нным спо́собом — froth gas cleaningочи́стка га́зов, суха́я — dry gas cleaningочи́стка га́зов фильтра́цией — gas cleaning by filtrationочи́стка га́зов, центробе́жная — cyclone gas cleaningочи́стка га́зов, электри́ческая — gas cleaning by electrical precipitationгазопла́менная очи́стка — flame cleaningгидравли́ческая очи́стка — hydroblasting, hydrocleaningгидропескостру́йная очи́стка — sand-water cleaningдробестру́йная очи́стка — shot-blast cleaningочи́стка забо́я — face cleaningочи́стка мета́лла пе́ред сва́ркой — preweld cleaningмехани́ческая очи́стка — mechanical [power-tool] cleaningмо́края очи́стка — wet cleaningочи́стка от кожуры́ ( плодов или овощей) — peelingочи́стка от кожуры́, абрази́вная — abrasive peelingочи́стка от кожуры́ в автокла́ве — retort peelingочи́стка от кожуры́ горя́чей обду́вкой — hot air-blast peelingочи́стка от кожуры́ инфракра́сными луча́ми — infra-red peelingочи́стка от кожуры́, механи́ческая — mechanical peelingочи́стка от кожуры́ о́бжигом — flame peelingочи́стка от кожуры́, терми́ческая — heat peelingочи́стка от кожуры́, хими́ческая — chemical peelingочи́стка от ока́лины — descalingочи́стка от ока́лины, газопла́менная — flame descalingочи́стка от ока́лины, электрои́скровая — electric spark descalingочи́стка от семя́н — seedingочи́стка от су́чьев, есте́ственная — natural pruningочи́стка па́мяти — memory clearingочи́стка па́ром — steam cleaningпескостру́йная очи́стка — sand-blast cleaning, sand-blastingпла́менная очи́стка — flame cleaningпневмати́ческая очи́стка — air-blastingочи́стка пове́рхности — surface cleaningочи́стка раствори́телем — solvent cleaningочи́стка сварно́го шва ( от шлака и брызг) — (post) weld cleaningочи́стка семя́н — seed cleaningочи́стка сто́чных вод — sewage treatmentсуха́я очи́стка — dry cleaningтерми́ческая очи́стка — flame cleaningультразвукова́я очи́стка — ultrasonic cleaningхими́ческая очи́стка — chemical cleaningочи́стка шлаковика́ — slag removalочи́стка шпу́ра — hole cleanoutочи́стка щелоча́ми — alkaline cleaningщелочна́я очи́стка — alkali cleaningщелочна́я очи́стка ма́сла — alkali-refining of oilэлектролити́ческая очи́стка — electrolytic cleaning -
8 доводка
3) Engineering: accurate grinding, development (доработка), engineering follow-up (доработка), finish, finishing, further development (доработка), honing, lapping, refinement, refining, sizing, smooth finish, smoothing4) Construction: engineering following up5) Mathematics: clean-up6) Economy: operational development, refining (конструкции), rework7) Automobile industry: debugging (аппаратуры), finishing work, tuning8) Architecture: operational adjustment (напр. агрегата)10) Forestry: whetting11) Metallurgy: aftertreatment (при обогащении), by-passing (напр. катанки при вальцовке), dressing (плавки), final separation (Krokodil), finishing (плавки), grinding, shaping-up, shaping-up (плавки)12) Oil: backfitting, refinement (доработка), refining (доработка), retrofit13) Astronautics: backfit, debug, fine tuning, workout14) Silicates: finish grinding, high finish15) Microelectronics: commission16) Polymers: perfection17) Automation: abrading, finish (см. тж finishing), finish machining, finish-machining, finished machining, finishing-out, smoothing (поверхности)18) Quality control: follow-up19) Arms production: customize20) Chemical weapons: adjustment21) Makarov: final concentration (в обогащении руд), fitting, grind, refinement (конструкции), retreating (в обогащении руд), retrofit work -
9 промышленность
industry, trade* * *промышле́нность ж.
industryавиацио́нная промышле́нность — aircraft industryавтомоби́льная промышле́нность — automotive industryавтотра́кторная промышле́нность — automotive-tractor industryвиноде́льческая промышле́нность — wine industryга́зовая промышле́нность — gas industryго́рная промышле́нность — mining industryдеревообраба́тывающая промышле́нность — woodworking industryдобыва́ющая промышле́нность — extractive industryзолотодобыва́ющая промышле́нность — gold-mining industryкоже́венно-обувна́я промышле́нность — leather and foot-wear industryкоксохими́ческая промышле́нность — by-product coke [chemical-recovery coke] industryконсе́рвная промышле́нность — food-canning industryлакокра́сочная промышле́нность — paint and varnish industryлё́гкая промышле́нность — light industryлесна́я промышле́нность — forest(ry) [wood] industryлесохими́ческая промышле́нность — wood-chemical industryликё́рно-во́дочная промышле́нность — alcoholic beverage industryмаслоде́льная промышле́нность — butter industryмашинострои́тельная промышле́нность — machine-building industry, брит. engineeringметаллурги́ческая промышле́нность — metallurgy industryмукомо́льно-крупяна́я промышле́нность — flour-and-cereals industryмылова́ренная промышле́нность — soap industryмя́со-моло́чная промышле́нность — dairy and meat industryнефтеперераба́тывающая промышле́нность — petroleum (refining) industryнефтехими́ческая промышле́нность — petrochemical industryнефтяна́я промышле́нность — oil [petroleum] industryобраба́тывающая промышле́нность — manufacturing industryпромышле́нность органи́ческого си́нтеза — organic synthesis industryпивова́ренная промышле́нность — brewing industryпищева́я промышле́нность — food industryполиграфи́ческая промышле́нность — printing [graphic arts] industryсталелите́йная промышле́нность — steel industryстрои́тельная промышле́нность — construction industryсудострои́тельная промышле́нность — shipbuilding industryтексти́льная промышле́нность — textile industryтяжё́лая промышле́нность — heavy industryу́гольная промышле́нность — coal (mining) industryхими́ческая промышле́нность — chemical industryхлебопека́рная промышле́нность — baking industryхолоди́льная промышле́нность — refrigeration industryцеллюло́зно-бума́жная промышле́нность — wood-pulp and paper industryшве́йная промышле́нность — tailoring industryэлектро́нная промышле́нность — electronic industryэлектроэнергети́ческая промышле́нность — electric-power industry -
10 Roebuck, John
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 1718 Sheffield, Englandd. 17 July 1794[br]English chemist and manufacturer, inventor of the lead-chamber process for sulphuric acid.[br]The son of a prosperous Sheffield manufacturer, Roebuck forsook the family business to pursue studies in medicine at Edinburgh University. There he met Dr Joseph Black (1727–99), celebrated Professor of Chemistry, who aroused in Roebuck a lasting interest in chemistry. Roebuck continued his studies at Leyden, where he took his medical degree in 1742. He set up in practice in Birmingham, but in his spare time he continued chemical experiments that might help local industries.Among his early achievements was his new method of refining gold and silver. Success led to the setting up of a large laboratory and a reputation as a chemical consultant. It was at this time that Roebuck devised an improved way of making sulphuric acid. This vital substance was then made by burning sulphur and nitre (potassium nitrate) over water in a glass globe. The scale of the process was limited by the fragility of the glass. Roebuck substituted "lead chambers", or vessels consisting of sheets of lead, a metal both cheap and resistant to acids, set in wooden frames. After the first plant was set up in 1746, productivity rose and the price of sulphuric acid fell sharply. Success encouraged Roebuck to establish a second, larger plant at Prestonpans, near Edinburgh. He preferred to rely on secrecy rather than patents to preserve his monopoly, but a departing employee took the secret with him and the process spread rapidly in England and on the European continent. It remained the standard process until it was superseded by the contact process towards the end of the nineteenth century. Roebuck next turned his attention to ironmaking and finally selected a site on the Carron river, near Falkirk in Scotland, where the raw materials and water power and transport lay close at hand. The Carron ironworks began producing iron in 1760 and became one of the great names in the history of ironmaking. Roebuck was an early proponent of the smelting of iron with coke, pioneered by Abraham Darby at Coalbrookdale. To supply the stronger blast required, Roebuck consulted John Smeaton, who c. 1760 installed the first blowing cylinders of any size.All had so far gone well for Roebuck, but he now leased coal-mines and salt-works from the Duke of Hamilton's lands at Borrowstonness in Linlithgow. The coal workings were plagued with flooding which the existing Newcomen engines were unable to overcome. Through his friendship with Joseph Black, patron of James Watt, Roebuck persuaded Watt to join him to apply his improved steam-engine to the flooded mine. He took over Black's loan to Watt of £1,200, helped him to obtain the first steam-engine patent of 1769 and took a two-thirds interest in the project. However, the new engine was not yet equal to the task and the debts mounted. To satisfy his creditors, Roebuck had to dispose of his capital in his various ventures. One creditor was Matthew Boulton, who accepted Roebuck's two-thirds share in Watt's steam-engine, rather than claim payment from his depleted estate, thus initiating a famous partnership. Roebuck was retained to manage Borrowstonness and allowed an annuity for his continued support until his death in 1794.[br]Further ReadingMemoir of John Roebuck in J.Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. 4 (1798), pp. 65–87.S.Gregory, 1987, "John Roebuck, 18th century entrepreneur", Chem. Engr. 443:28–31.LRD -
11 очистка
1) General subject: cleaning, clearance, clearing, dressing, freshening, hewing (забоя), purge, purification, refining, scrape, weeding, cleanup5) Military: mop-up (от противника)6) Engineering: affinage (благородных металлов), cleaning-out, cleanout (внутреннего пространства), cleansing (с помощью чистящего средства), depuration, drain-out (подины печи от металла предыдущей плавки), emptying (напр. памяти), fettling, fining, scour, scouring, stripping, treating, treatment, unset, wiping, repair (деталей (ковка))7) Agriculture: filtration8) Professional term: zeroing9) Chemistry: scraping, scrubbing, (дистиллята) polishing10) Construction: cleanup (рабочих мест по окончании смены), housekeeping (рабочего места, проходов, зоны монтажа и т. п. на строительной площадке), paring, plowing (напр. верха шпал от балласта), toilettage, trim, chipping11) Railway term: reclaiming, scaling (от ржавчины, накипи или старой краски), scoring out12) Automobile industry: cleansing, scavenging, trimming13) Mining: cleaning-up (вагонеток от налипания мелочи)14) Gastronomy: picking15) Forestry: cleaning (напр. лесосеки), clearing (лесосек, мест рубок), disposal (лесосек), reclamation16) Metallurgy: abrading (песком или дробью), decontamination (от загрязнений), defectation, distilling, drain-out (подины от металла предыдущей плавки), dressing-off, dressing-off (отливок), fettling (слитков), scrubbing action17) Polygraphy: clean-up (офсетной печатной формы от засаливания)18) Textile: scouring process (напр. шерсти, пряжи, ткани)19) Electronics: c cleaning operation, reset21) Oil: clean out, clean out( cleanout) (скважины; забоя от песка), clean up (скважины; трубопровода), clean-out (скважины), cleaning out (well) (скважины), cleaning up, cleaning up (скважины; трубопровода), cleanout, jetting (ствола скважины; вибросита), purging, purifying, epuration22) Sociology: detoxication23) Astronautics: cleansing action, steam cleaning24) Food industry: defecation, sanitation25) Perfume: clarifying26) Ecology: clean-up, defouling, gathering, rectification, refuse treatment, sewage treatment27) Patents: clearing (тж. от пошлин)28) Drilling: CO (cleaning out; забоя от песка), backwash (фильтра), epu ration, washing30) Oil&Gas technology sweetening31) Oilfield: refinement32) Microelectronics: desmearing33) Solar energy: distillation34) EBRD: clearance (таможенная)35) Polymers: sanding36) Automation: cleaning-up, refining (напр. поверхности)37) Plastics: abrading (поверхности пескоструйным аппаратом)38) leg.N.P. clearing the title39) General subject: clean40) Chemical weapons: purification, treatment41) Makarov: blanking, clean-up (забоя), cleaning (напр., лесосеки), cleanout (внутр. пространства), cleansing (напр. канализационных труб), cleansing (с помощью какого-л. моющего средства), cleansing (с помощью моющего средства), clearing (удаление чего-л. ненужного, постороннего), clearing (удаление чего-л. постороннего), decontamination (людей), decontamination (от примесей, загрязнений), dressing (напр. семян), offscouring, peeling (удаление верхней части, оболочки), pollution abatement, purification (воздуха, воды), riddance, sweep42) Wine growing: trimming (гроздей винограда)43) Gold mining: dredging45) Karachaganak: pigging (трубопровода)46) General subject: whitening -
12 शोधन
ṡodhanamfn. cleaning, purifying, cleansing, refining, purgative Mn. MBh. Suṡr. ;
m. the citron tree L. ;
Alangium Hexapetalum L. ;
(ī) f. seeﾠ below;
(am) n. the act of cleaning, purifying, correcting, improving Nir. KātyṠr. MBh. etc.;
refining (as of metals for chemical orﾠ medicinal purposes) W. ;
a means of purification Mn. Suṡr. ;
clearing up, sifting, investigation, examination, correction Kām. Hit. Yājñ. Sch. ;
payment, acquittance W. ;
justifying, exculpating R. ;
expiation MW. ;
retaliation, punishment ib. ;
removal, eradication Mn. MBh. etc.;
(in arithm.) subtraction, Bījag. ;
excrement, ordure ib. ;
green vitriol ib.
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13 Ercker, Lazarus
[br]b. c.1530 Annaberg, Saxony, Germanyd. 1594 Prague, Bohemia[br]German chemist and metallurgist.[br]Educated at Wittenberg University during 1547–8, Ercker obtained in 1554, through one of his wife's relatives, the post of Assayer from the Elector Augustus at Dresden. From then on he took a succession of posts in mining and metallurgy. In 1555 he was Chief Consultant and Supervisor of all matters relating to mines, but for some unknown reason was demoted to Warden of the Mint at Annaberg. In 1558 he travelled to the Tyrol to study the mines in that region, and in the same year Prince Henry of Brunswick appointed him Warden, then Master, of the Mint at Goslar. Ercker later moved to Prague where, through another of his wife's relatives, he was appointed Control Tester at Kutna Hora. It was there that he wrote his best-known book, Die Beschreibung allfürnemisten mineralischen Ertz, which drew him to the attention of the Emperor Maximilian, who made him Courier for Mining and a clerk of the Supreme Court of Bohemia. The next Emperor, Rudolf II, a noted patron of science and alchemy, promoted Ercker to Chief Inspector of Mines and ennobled him in 1586 with the title Von Schreckenfels'. His second wife managed the mint at Kutna Hora and his two sons became assayers. These appointments gained him much experience of the extraction and refining of metals. This first bore fruit in a book on assaying, Probierbüchlein, printed in 1556, followed by one on minting, Münzbuch, in 1563. His main work, Die Beschreibung, was a systematic review of the methods of obtaining, refining and testing the alloys and minerals of gold, silver, copper, antimony, mercury and lead. The preparation of acids, salts and other compounds is also covered, and his apparatus is fully described and illustrated. Although Ercker used Agricola's De re metattica as a model, his own work was securely based on his practical experience. Die Beschreibung was the first manual of analytical and metallurgical chemistry and influenced later writers such as Glauber on assaying. After the first edition in Prague came four further editions in Frankfurt-am-Main.[br]BibliographyDie Beschreibung allfürnemisten mineralischen Ertz, Prague. 1556, Probierbuchlein.1563, Munzbuch.Further ReadingP.R.Beierlein, 1955, Lazarus Ercker, Bergmann, Hüttenmann und Münzmeister im 16. Jahrhundert, Berlin (the best biography, although the chemical details are incomplete).J.R.Partington, 1961, History of Chemistry, London, Vol. II, pp. 104–7.E.V.Armstrong and H.Lukens, 1939, "Lazarus Ercker and his Probierbuch", J.Chem. Ed.16: 553–62.LRD -
14 Daniell, John Frederick
SUBJECT AREA: Electricity[br]b. 12 March 1790 London, Englandd. 13 March 1845 London, England[br]English chemist, inventor of the Daniell primary electric cell.[br]With an early bias towards science, Daniell's interest in chemistry was formed when he joined a relative's sugar-refining business. He formed a lifelong friendship with W.T.Brande, Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Institution, and together they revived the journal of the Royal Institution, to which Daniell submitted many of his early papers on chemical subjects. He made many contributions to the science of meteorology and in 1820 invented a hydrometer, which became widely used and gave precision to the measurement of atmospheric moisture. As one of the originators of the Society for Promoting Useful Knowledge, Daniell edited several of its early publications. His work on crystallization established his reputation as a chemist and in 1831 he was appointed the first Professor of Chemistry at King's College, London, where he was largely responsible for establishing its department of applied science. He was also involved in the Chemical Society of London and served as its Vice-President. At King's College he began the research into current electricity with which his name is particularly associated. His investigations into the zinc-copper cell revealed that the rapid decline in power was due to hydrogen gas being liberated at the positive electrode. Daniell's cell, invented in 1836, employed a zinc electrode in dilute sulphuric acid and a copper electrode in a solution of copper sulphate, the electrodes being separated by a porous membrane, typically an unglazed earthenware pot. He was awarded the Copley Medal of the Royal Society for his invention which avoided the "polarization" of the simple cell and provided a further source of current for electrical research and for commercial applications such as electroplating. Although the high internal resistance of the Daniell cell limited the current and the potential was only 1.1 volts, the voltage was so unchanging that it was used as a reference standard until the 1870s, when J. Lattimer Clark devised an even more stable cell.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1814. Royal Society Rumford Medal 1832, Copley Medal 1837, Royal Medal 1842.Bibliography1836, "On voltaic combinations", Phil. Transactions of the Royal Society 126:107–24, 125–9 (the first report of his experiments).Listings of his scientific papers can be found in Catalogue of Scientific Papers, 1868, Vol. II, London: Royal Society.Further ReadingObituary, 1845, Proceedings of the Royal Society, 5:577–80.J.R.Partington, 1964, History of Chemistry, Vol. IV, London (describes the Daniell cell and his electrical researches).B.Bowers, 1982, History of Electric Light and Power, London.GWBiographical history of technology > Daniell, John Frederick
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15 ОХНВП
Production: Chemical, Petrochemical, Oil Refining, Explosion and Fire Hazardous Production Equipment (Оборудование химических, нефтехимических, нефтеперерабатывающих и взрывопожароопасных производств) -
16 Оборудование химических, нефтехимических, нефтеперерабатывающих и взрывопожароопасных производств
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Оборудование химических, нефтехимических, нефтеперерабатывающих и взрывопожароопасных производств
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17 бак-нейтрализатор
1) Metallurgy: batch-refining kettle2) Chemical weapons: neutralization tank -
18 полирование
burnishing, finish, glazing, lustering, polish, polishing, rubbing, refining, smoothing* * *полирова́ние с.
polishingполирова́ние до зерка́льной пове́рхности — buffingхими́ческое полирова́ние — chemical smoothingэлектролити́ческое полирова́ние — electrolytic polishing* * * -
19 Castner, Hamilton Young
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 11 September 1858 Brooklyn, New York, USAd. 11 October 1899 Saranoe Lake, New York, USA[br]American chemist, inventor of the electrolytic production of sodium.[br]Around 1850, the exciting new metal aluminium began to be produced by the process developed by Sainte-Claire Deville. However, it remained expensive on account of the high cost of one of the raw materials, sodium. It was another thirty years before Castner became the first to work successfully the process for producing sodium, which consisted of heating sodium hydroxide with charcoal at a high temperature. Unable to interest American backers in the process, Castner took it to England and set up a plant at Oldbury, near Birmingham. At the moment he achieved commercial success, however, the demand for cheap sodium plummeted as a result of the development of the electrolytic process for producing aluminium. He therefore sought other uses for cheap sodium, first converting it to sodium peroxide, a bleaching agent much used in the straw-hat industry. Much more importantly, Castner persuaded the gold industry to use sodium instead of potassium cyanide in the refining of gold. With the "gold rush", he established a large market in Australia, the USA, South Africa and elsewhere, but the problem was to meet the demand, so Castner turned to the electrolytic method. At first progress was slow because of the impure nature of the sodium hydroxide, so he used a mercury cathode, with which the released sodium formed an amalgam. It then reacted with water in a separate compartment in the cell to form sodium hydroxide of a purity hitherto unknown in the alkali industry; chlorine was a valuable by-product.In 1894 Castner began to seek international patents for the cell, but found he had been anticipated in Germany by Kellner, an Austrian chemist. Preferring negotiation to legal confrontation, Castner exchanged patents and processes with Kellner, although the latter's had been less successful. The cell became known as the Castner-Kellner cell, but the process needed cheap electricity and salt, neither of which was available near Oldbury, so he set up the Castner-Kellner Alkali Company works at Runcorn in Cheshire; at the same time, a pilot plant was set up in the USA at Saltville, Virginia, with a larger plant being established at Niagara Falls.[br]Further ReadingA.Fleck, 1947, "The life and work of Hamilton Young Castner" (Castner Memorial Lecture), Chemistry and Industry 44:515-; Fifty Years of Progress: The Story of the Castner-Kellner Company, 1947.T.K.Derry and T.I.Williams, 1960, A Short History of Technology, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 549–50 (provides a summary of his work).LRDBiographical history of technology > Castner, Hamilton Young
См. также в других словарях:
chemical refining — cheminis valymas statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: angl. chemical cleaning; chemical refining vok. chemische Reinigung, f rus. химическая очистка, f pranc. nettoyage chimique, m … Fizikos terminų žodynas
chemical refining — Смотри химическое рафинирование … Энциклопедический словарь по металлургии
chemical cleaning — cheminis valymas statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: angl. chemical cleaning; chemical refining vok. chemische Reinigung, f rus. химическая очистка, f pranc. nettoyage chimique, m … Fizikos terminų žodynas
Refining (metallurgy) — Refining (as in non metallurgical uses) consists of purifying an impure material, in this case a metal. It is to be distinguished from other processes such as smelting and calcining in that those two involve a chemical change to the raw material … Wikipedia
Refining — (also called affining) is the process of purification of a substance. The term is usually used of a natural resource that is almost in a usable form, but which is more useful in its pure form. For instance, most types of natural petroleum will… … Wikipedia
chemical engineering — chemical engineer. the science or profession of applying chemistry to industrial processes. [1900 05] * * * Academic discipline and industrial activity concerned with developing processes and designing and operating plants to change materials… … Universalium
chemical industry — Introduction complex of processes, operations, and organizations engaged in the manufacture of chemicals and their derivatives. Although the chemical industry may be described simply as the industry that uses chemistry and… … Universalium
Chemical industry — Oil refinery in Louisiana an example of chemical industry The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals. Central to the modern world economy, it converts raw materials (oil, natural gas, air, water, metals, and… … Wikipedia
Chemical process — Part of Chemical engineering History Concepts Unit operations Unit processes Chemical engineer Chemical process Process integration Un … Wikipedia
chemical bonding — ▪ chemistry Introduction any of the interactions that account for the association of atoms into molecules, ions, crystals, and other stable species that make up the familiar substances of the everyday world. When atoms approach one another … Universalium
Chemical change — 112.198.81.178 (talk) 09:44, 14 November 2011 (UTC)bla da Chemical changes occur when objects or substances are changed or altered. In a chemical change, particles of the original materials collide with one another. Some exothermic reactions may… … Wikipedia
